Clinically Relevant Solutions

Optimizing Patient Care

Gentle Lung® Suite

Nihon Kohden’s ventilator systems offer convenient tools for clinicians to practice lung protective ventilation:

Patients receiving mechanical ventilation may suffer from ventilator-induced lung injury. This may be caused by inappropriate tidal volume¹, inappropriate driving pressure², and inappropriate PEEP³.

Guided Solutions

Lung protective ventilation is a well-established practice not only in ARDS patients but also in postoperative patients⁴. Gentle Lung Suite provides guided tools for individualized lung protective strategies

  • Recruitability Assessment (RA)
  • Recruitment Maneuver (RM)
  • PEEP-Titration (PEEP-T)
  • Transpulmonary Pressures (Ptp)
Recruitability Assessment (RA)

Provides clinicians insights into patients’ lungs to help determine if a recruitment maneuver could be beneficial.

Preparation for RA:

  • Clinicians can set and visualize settings with a PEEP time-based graph of incremental and decremental PEEP-step sequences

During RA:

  • The ventilator performs incremental increase and decrease of PEEP as set.
  • A real-time graph of PEEP and estimated compliance are displayed during RA.

Post RA analysis:

  • The ventilator compares tidal volume and lung compliance between incremental and decremental portions of RA at the same PEEP
  • The application provides results of gain in compliance and recruitable volume for the clinician to make an informed decision if the patient will benefit from recruitment maneuver.

¹ The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network.Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb;342(18):1301–8.

² Amato MBP, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, Brochard L, Costa ELV, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Driving Pressure and Survival in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(8):747–55.

³ Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A, Brower RG, Talmor D, Walter SD, et al. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010;303(9):865–73.

⁴ Fumagalli J, Santiago RRS, Teggia Droghi M, Zhang C, Fintelmann FJ, Troschel FM, et al. Lung Recruitment in Obese Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(5):791–803.

⁵ Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, O’Donnell CR, Ritz R, Lisbon A, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2095–104.

Recruitment Maneuver (RM)

Customized, stepwise lung recruitment maneuvers enable clinicians to focus on the patient.

Preparation for RM:

  • Clinicians evaluate RA results, to determine if RM may be beneficial.
  • A visual guide of a PEEP time-based graph is available as clinicians set the parameters for the RM.

During RM:

  • The ventilator performs stepwise RM as set while clinicians can focus on monitoring their patients.

Post RM:

  • After patient’s lungs are recruited, clinicians may choose to continue to PEEP-Titration or resume normal ventilation.

¹ The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network.Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb;342(18):1301–8.

² Amato MBP, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, Brochard L, Costa ELV, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Driving Pressure and Survival in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(8):747–55.

³ Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A, Brower RG, Talmor D, Walter SD, et al. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome:

Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010;303(9):865–73.

⁴ Fumagalli J, Santiago RRS, Teggia Droghi M, Zhang C, Fintelmann FJ, Troschel FM, et al. Lung Recruitment in Obese Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Anesthesiology.

2019;130(5):791–803.

⁵ Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, O’Donnell CR, Ritz R, Lisbon A, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2095–104.

PEEP-Titration (PEEP-T)

Continuation of recruitment maneuver or independently initiated to help determine PEEP at best compliance.

Preparation for PEEP-T:

  • A visual guide of the PEEP time-based graph is available as clinicians set the parameters for PEEP-T
  • Clinicians set the decremental PEEP starting from the ending PEEP of RM or the patient’s current PEEP level.

During PEEP-T:

  • The ventilator performs stepwise PEEP as set.
  • Real-time graphs of PEEP and estimated compliance are displayed during PEEP-T

Post PEEP-T analysis:

  • The application provides the results of PEEP at the highest compliance measured during PEEP-T.
  • A cursor will appear on time graphs for clinicians to view values of measured results throughout PEEP-T

¹ The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network.Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb;342(18):1301–8.

² Amato MBP, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, Brochard L, Costa ELV, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Driving Pressure and Survival in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(8):747–55.

³ Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A, Brower RG, Talmor D, Walter SD, et al. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome:

Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010;303(9):865–73.

⁴ Fumagalli J, Santiago RRS, Teggia Droghi M, Zhang C, Fintelmann FJ, Troschel FM, et al. Lung Recruitment in Obese Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Anesthesiology.

2019;130(5):791–803.

⁵ Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, O’Donnell CR, Ritz R, Lisbon A, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2095–104.

Transpulmonary Pressures (Ptp)

Monitors the transpulmonary pressure to help individualize a lung protective treatment strategy

Main Functions of Ptp App:

  • Measures Driving Pressure and Peak value, Mean value, Plateau values, and End-Expiratory value of Ptp continuously using an esophageal balloon catheter.
  • A real-time Ptp waveform is displayed for simple monitoring.

Studies suggested that end-expiratory Ptp is best between 0-10 cmHO to improve oxygen and respiratory compliance in patients with ARDS⁵. Ptp App provides realtime measurement of Ptp to help clinicians closely monitor Ptp while cautiously adjusting PEEP to achieve this goal.


¹ The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network.Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb;342(18):1301–8.

² Amato MBP, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, Brochard L, Costa ELV, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Driving Pressure and Survival in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(8):747–55.

³ Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A, Brower RG, Talmor D, Walter SD, et al. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome:

Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010;303(9):865–73.

⁴ Fumagalli J, Santiago RRS, Teggia Droghi M, Zhang C, Fintelmann FJ, Troschel FM, et al. Lung Recruitment in Obese Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Anesthesiology.

2019;130(5):791–803.

⁵ Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, O’Donnell CR, Ritz R, Lisbon A, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2095–104.

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